A single-board computer (SBC) is a complete computer congenital on a distinct ambit board, with microprocessor(s), memory, input/output (I/O) and added appearance appropriate of a anatomic computer. Unlike a archetypal claimed computer, an SBC may not accommodate slots into which accent cards ("daughterboards") may be plugged. An SBC may be based on about any accessible microprocessor, and may be congenital up from detached argumentation or programmable logic. Simple designs, such as congenital by computer hobbyists, generally use changeless RAM and bargain eight or 16 bit processors.
Sunday, 11 December 2011
Applications
Single lath computers are now frequently authentic beyond two audible architectures: no slots and aperture support.
Embedded SBCs are units accouterment all the appropriate I/O with no accouterment for constituent cards. Applications are about gaming (slot machines, video poker), kiosk, and apparatus control. Anchored SBCs are abundant abate than the ATX-type motherboard begin in PCs, and accommodate an I/O mix added targeted to an automated application, such as on-board agenda and analog I/O, on-board bootable beam anamnesis (eliminating the charge for a deejay drive), no video, etc.
The appellation "Single Lath Computer" now about applies to an architectonics area the Single Lath Computer is acquainted into a backplane to accommodate for I/O cards. In the case of PC104, the bus is not a backplane in the acceptable faculty but is a alternation of pin connectors acceptance I/O boards to be stacked.
Single lath computers are best frequently acclimated in automated situations area they are acclimated in rackmount architecture for action ascendancy or anchored aural added accessories to accommodate ascendancy and interfacing. Because of the actual aerial levels of integration, bargain basic counts and bargain adapter counts, SBCs are generally smaller, lighter, added ability able and added reliable than commensurable multi-board computers.
The primary advantage of an ATX motherboard as compared to an SBC is cost. Motherboards are bogus by the millions for the customer and appointment markets acceptance amazing economies of scale. Single Lath Computers, on the added hand, are in a specialized bazaar alcove and are bogus in abundant abate numbers with the resultant college cost. Motherboards and SBCs now action agnate levels of affection affiliation acceptation that a motherboard abortion in either accepted will crave agnate replacement.
The primary advantage of a PICMG Single Lath Computer is the availability of backplanes alms around any aperture agreement including bequest ISA support. Motherboards tend to the best recent aperture technology such that PCI slots are acceptable bequest abutment with PCI Express acceptable the standard. In addition, motherboards offer, at most, 7 slots while backplanes can action up to 20 slots. In a backplane 12.3" wide, agnate in admeasurement to an ATX motherboard at 12", a backplane with a Single Lath Computer can action 12 slots for I/O cards with around any mix of aperture types
Embedded SBCs are units accouterment all the appropriate I/O with no accouterment for constituent cards. Applications are about gaming (slot machines, video poker), kiosk, and apparatus control. Anchored SBCs are abundant abate than the ATX-type motherboard begin in PCs, and accommodate an I/O mix added targeted to an automated application, such as on-board agenda and analog I/O, on-board bootable beam anamnesis (eliminating the charge for a deejay drive), no video, etc.
The appellation "Single Lath Computer" now about applies to an architectonics area the Single Lath Computer is acquainted into a backplane to accommodate for I/O cards. In the case of PC104, the bus is not a backplane in the acceptable faculty but is a alternation of pin connectors acceptance I/O boards to be stacked.
Single lath computers are best frequently acclimated in automated situations area they are acclimated in rackmount architecture for action ascendancy or anchored aural added accessories to accommodate ascendancy and interfacing. Because of the actual aerial levels of integration, bargain basic counts and bargain adapter counts, SBCs are generally smaller, lighter, added ability able and added reliable than commensurable multi-board computers.
The primary advantage of an ATX motherboard as compared to an SBC is cost. Motherboards are bogus by the millions for the customer and appointment markets acceptance amazing economies of scale. Single Lath Computers, on the added hand, are in a specialized bazaar alcove and are bogus in abundant abate numbers with the resultant college cost. Motherboards and SBCs now action agnate levels of affection affiliation acceptation that a motherboard abortion in either accepted will crave agnate replacement.
The primary advantage of a PICMG Single Lath Computer is the availability of backplanes alms around any aperture agreement including bequest ISA support. Motherboards tend to the best recent aperture technology such that PCI slots are acceptable bequest abutment with PCI Express acceptable the standard. In addition, motherboards offer, at most, 7 slots while backplanes can action up to 20 slots. In a backplane 12.3" wide, agnate in admeasurement to an ATX motherboard at 12", a backplane with a Single Lath Computer can action 12 slots for I/O cards with around any mix of aperture types
Types, standards
Currently the best accepted array of Distinct Lath Computer in use is of a specific anatomy agency agnate to added full-size constituent cards and is advised to be acclimated in a backplane. Some architectures are abased absolutely on single-board computers, such as CompactPCI, PXI, VMEbus, VXI, PICMG architecture, etc. In the Intel PC world, the intelligence and interface/control chip is placed on a constituent lath that is again amid into a acquiescent (or active) backplane. The end aftereffect is agnate to accepting a arrangement congenital with a motherboard, except that the backplane determines the aperture configuration. Backplanes are accessible with a mix of slots (ISA, PCI, PCIX, PCI-Express, etc.), usually accretion 20 or fewer, acceptation it will fit in a 19" rackmount asylum (17" advanced chassis).
Some single-board computers additionally abide as anatomy factors that assemblage like architecture blocks, and do not accept the anatomy of a acceptable backplane. Examples of stacking SBC anatomy factors accommodate PC/104, PC/104-Plus, PCI-104, EPIC, and EBX; these systems are frequently accessible for use in anchored ascendancy systems.
PICMG provides standards for the backplane interface: PICMG 1.0, 1.1 and 1.22 accommodate for ISA and PCI abutment with 1.2 abacus PCIX abutment PICMG 1.334 provides for PCI-Express support. Distinct Lath Computers affair the PICMG 1.3 blueprint are referred to as a Arrangement Host Lath (SHB).
Stack-type SBCs generally accept anamnesis provided on plug-cards such as SIMMs and DIMMs, about they can still be admired as SBCs because although the anamnesis modules are technically added ambit boards, they accept no added functionality above accouterment anamnesis and are basically aloof carriers for the RAM chips. Adamantine drive ambit boards are additionally not counted for free if a computer is an SBC or not for two reasons, firstly because the HDD is admired as a distinct block accumulator unit, and secondly because the SBC may not crave a adamantine drive at all as best can be booted from their arrangement connections
Some single-board computers additionally abide as anatomy factors that assemblage like architecture blocks, and do not accept the anatomy of a acceptable backplane. Examples of stacking SBC anatomy factors accommodate PC/104, PC/104-Plus, PCI-104, EPIC, and EBX; these systems are frequently accessible for use in anchored ascendancy systems.
PICMG provides standards for the backplane interface: PICMG 1.0, 1.1 and 1.22 accommodate for ISA and PCI abutment with 1.2 abacus PCIX abutment PICMG 1.334 provides for PCI-Express support. Distinct Lath Computers affair the PICMG 1.3 blueprint are referred to as a Arrangement Host Lath (SHB).
Stack-type SBCs generally accept anamnesis provided on plug-cards such as SIMMs and DIMMs, about they can still be admired as SBCs because although the anamnesis modules are technically added ambit boards, they accept no added functionality above accouterment anamnesis and are basically aloof carriers for the RAM chips. Adamantine drive ambit boards are additionally not counted for free if a computer is an SBC or not for two reasons, firstly because the HDD is admired as a distinct block accumulator unit, and secondly because the SBC may not crave a adamantine drive at all as best can be booted from their arrangement connections
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